Assignment on Horlicks - 1199 Words

ASSIGNMENT-2 SUB: Pick up a Branded product explain the Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning of the Product HORLICKS - AN INTRODUCTION Horlicks is a name of the company and of a malted milk hot drink. It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Pakisthan, India and Jamaica. Horlicks came to India with British army. British army gave them as a Diet Supplement in the time of World War 1 and then took this as a family drink. It became a sort of status symbol of upper class Indians and middle classes. In recent years, there has been an increase in the scope of the brand in India. Horlicks has become an umbrella brand for a wide variety of products. Now Horlicks is a leading†¦show more content†¦This is probably because whites–whose growth rate is faster than the browns–have the added advantage of being perceived as food which enhances the healthy image of those who are recovering. But gradually they realized that they have to focus on one segment of market that is children. Horlicks is now positioned as a pleasurabl e nourishment drink aimed at children between the age group of 8 -14. Nowadays children have tremendous influence on the things purchased for the family and therefore we want children to prefer Horlicks as a pleasurable nourishment drink. While all the action will be in the general Horlicks segment, the focus of Junior Horlicks (target segment: kids between one and three) will continue to remain the same. Promotion: The company has earmarked around Rs 10 crores for brand promotion throughout 2003, and 70% of this will be spent in next six months. 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The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Four Free Essays

string(34) " the brothers she had once loved\." Meredith tilted an ironic glance at Matt. â€Å"Hmm,† she said. â€Å"Now, who do you think Elena would call in time of trouble?† Bonnie’s grin gave way to a twinge of guilt at Matt’s expression. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now It wasn’t fair to tease him about this. â€Å"Elena said that the killer is too strong for us and that’s why we need help,† she told Matt. â€Å"And I can think of only one person Elena knows who could fight off a psychic killer.† Slowly, Matt nodded. Bonnie couldn’t tell what he was feeling. He and Stefan had been best friends once, even after Elena had chosen Stefan over Matt. But that had been before Matt found out what Stefan was, and what kind of violence he was capable of. In his rage and grief over Elena’s death Stefan had nearly killed Tyler Smallwood and five other guys. Could Matt really forget that? Could he even deal with Stefan coming back to Fell’s Church? Matt’s square-jawed face gave no sign now, and Meredith was talking again. â€Å"So all we need to do is let some blood and cut some hair. You won’t miss a curl or two, will you, Bonnie?† Bonnie was so abstracted that she almost missed this. Then she shook her head. â€Å"No, no, no. It isn’t our blood and hair we need. We need it from the person we want to summon.† â€Å"What? But that’s ridiculous. If we had Stefan’s blood and hair we wouldn’t need to summon him, would we?† â€Å"I didn’t think of that,† Bonnie admitted. â€Å"Usually with a summoning spell you get the stuff beforehand and use it when you want to call a person back. What are we going to do, Meredith? It’s impossible.† Meredith’s brows were drawn together. â€Å"Why would Elena ask it if it were impossible?† â€Å"Elena asked lots of impossible things,† Bonnie said darkly. â€Å"Don’t look like that, Matt; you know she did. She wasn’t a saint.† â€Å"Maybe, but this one isn’t impossible,† Matt said. â€Å"I can think of one place where Stefan’s blood has got to be, and if we’re lucky some of his hair, too. In the crypt.† Bonnie flinched, but Meredith simply nodded. â€Å"Of course,† she said. â€Å"While Stefan was tied up there, he must have bled all over the place. And in that kind of fight he might have lost some hair. If only everything down there has been left undisturbed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I don’t think anybody’s been down there since Elena died,† Matt said. â€Å"The police investigated and then left it. But there’s only one way to find out.† I was wrong, Bonnie thought. I was worrying about whether Matt could deal with Stefan coming back, and here he is doing everything he can to help us summon him. â€Å"Matt, I could kiss you!† she said. â€Å"All the girls say that,† he replied calmly at last, with a shrug of mock resignation. It was as close as he’d gotten to lightheartedness all day. Meredith, however, was serious. â€Å"Let’s go. We’ve got a lot to do, and the last thing we want is to get stuck in the crypt after dark.† The crypt was beneath the ruined church that stood on a hill in the cemetery. It’s only late afternoon, plenty of light left, Bonnie kept telling herself as they walked up the hill, but goose-flesh broke out on her arms anyway. The modern cemetery on one side was bad enough, but the old graveyard on the other side was downright spooky even in daylight. There were so many crumbling headstones tilting crazily in the overgrown grass, representing so many young men killed in the Civil War. You didn’t have to be psychic to feel their presence. â€Å"Unquiet spirits,† she muttered. â€Å"Hmm?† said Meredith as she stepped over the pile of rubble that was one wall of the ruined church. â€Å"Look, the lid of the tomb’s still off. That’s good news; I don’t think we would have been able to lift it.† Bonnie’s eyes lingered wistfully on the white marble statues carved on the displaced lid. Hon-oria Fell lay there with her husband, hands folded on her breast, looking as gentle and sad as ever. But Bonnie knew there would be no more help from that quarter. Honoria’s duties as protector of the town she’d founded were done. Leaving Elena holding the bag, Bonnie thought grimly, looking down into the rectangular hole that led to the crypt. Iron rungs disappeared into darkness. Even with the help of Meredith’s flashlight it was hard to climb down into that underground room. Inside, it was dank and silent, the walls faced with polished stone. Bonnie tried not to shiver. â€Å"Look,† said Meredith quietly. Matt had the flashlight trained on the iron gate that separated the anteroom of the crypt from its main chamber. The stone below was stained black with blood in several places. Looking at the puddles and rivulets of dried gore made Bonnie feel dizzy. â€Å"We know Damon was hurt the worst,† Meredith said, moving forward. She sounded calm, but Bonnie could hear the tight control in her voice. â€Å"So he must have been on this side where there’s the most blood. Stefan said Elena was in the center. That means Stefan himself must have been†¦ here.† She bent down. â€Å"I’ll do it,† Matt said gruffly. â€Å"You hold the light.† With a plastic picnic knife from Meredith’s car he scraped at the encrusted stone. Bonnie swallowed, glad she’d had only tea for lunch. Blood was all right in the abstract, but when you were actually confronted with so much of it-especially when it was the blood of a friend who’d been tortured†¦ And then, thought Bonnie, she faked her own death to get Stefan and Damon to stop fighting over her. But it didn’t work. They hated each other more than ever, and she hated both of them for that. She’d gone back to the vampire who made her, and over the years she’d turned as evil as he was. Until at last all she wanted to do was destroy the brothers she had once loved. You read "The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Four" in category "Essay examples" She’d lured them both to Fell’s Church to kill them, and this room was where she’d almost succeeded in doing it. Elena had died stopping her. â€Å"There,† Matt said, and Bonnie blinked and came back to herself. Matt was standing with a paper napkin that now held flakes of Stefan’s blood in its folds. â€Å"Now the hair,† he said. They swept the floor with their fingers, finding dust and bits of leaves and fragments of things Bonnie didn’t want to identify. Among the detritus were long strands of pale gold hair. Elena’s-or Katherine’s, Bonnie thought. They had looked much alike. There were also shorter strands of dark hair, crisp with a slight wave. Stefan’s. It was slow, finicky work sorting through it all and putting the right hairs in another napkin. Matt did most of it. When they were through, they were all tired and the light sifting down through the rectangular opening in the ceiling was dim blue. But Meredith smiled tigerishly. â€Å"We’ve got it,† she said. â€Å"Tyler wants Stefan back; well, we’ll give him Stefan back.† And Bonnie, who had been only half paying attention to what she was doing, still lost in her own thoughts, froze. She’d been thinking about other things entirely, nothing to do with Tyler, but at the mention of his name something had winked on in her mind. Something she’d realized in the parking lot and then forgotten afterward in the heat of arguing. Meredith’s words had triggered it and now it was suddenly all clear again. How had he known! she wondered, heart racing. â€Å"Bonnie? What’s the matter?† â€Å"Meredith,† she said softly, â€Å"did you tell the police specifically that we were in the living room when everything was going on upstairs with Sue?† â€Å"No, I think I just said we were downstairs. Why?† â€Å"Bonnie, if you’re trying to suggest Tyler was the murderer, it just won’t wash. He’s not smart enough to organize a killing spree, for one thing,† Meredith said. â€Å"But there’s something else. Meredith, last year at the Junior Prom, Tyler touched me on my bare shoulder. I’ll never forget it. His hand was big, and meaty, and hot, and damp.† Bonnie shivered at the recollection. â€Å"Just like the hand that grabbed me last night.† But Meredith was shaking her head, and even Matt looked unconvinced. â€Å"Elena’s sure wasting her time asking us to bring back Stefan, then,† he said. â€Å"I could take care of Tyler with a couple of right hooks.† â€Å"Think about it, Bonnie,† Meredith added. â€Å"Does Tyler have the psychic power to move a Ouija board or come into your dreams? Does he?† He didn’t. Psychically speaking, Tyler was as much a dud as Caroline. Bonnie couldn’t deny it. But she couldn’t deny her intuition, either. It didn’t make sense, but she still felt Tyler had been in the house last night. â€Å"We’d better get moving,† Meredith said. â€Å"It’s dark, and your father’s going to be furious.† They were all silent on the ride home. Bonnie was still thinking about Tyler. Once at her house they smuggled the napkins upstairs and began looking through Bonnie’s books on Druids and Celtic magic. Ever since she’d discovered that she was descended from the ancient race of magic workers, Bonnie had been interested in the Druids. And in one of the books she found a ritual for a summoning spell. â€Å"We need to buy candles,† she said. â€Å"And pure water-better get some bottled,† she said to Meredith. â€Å"And chalk to draw a circle on the floor, and something to make a small fire in. I can find those in the house. There’s no hurry; the spell has to be done at midnight.† Midnight was a long time coming. Meredith bought the necessary items at a grocery store and brought them back. They ate dinner with Bonnie’s family, though no one had much of an appetite. By eleven o’clock Bonnie had the circle drawn on the hardwood floor of her bedroom and all the other ingredients on a low bench inside the circle. On the stroke of twelve she started. With Matt and Meredith watching, she made a small fire in an earthenware bowl. Three candles were burning behind the bowl; she stuck a pin halfway down the one in the center. Then she unfolded a napkin and carefully stirred the dried flakes of blood into a wineglass of water. It turned rusty pink. She opened the other napkin. Three pinches of dark hair went into the fire, sizzling with a terrible smell. Then three drops of the stained water, hissing. Swift on the heel thou comest, Thrice summoned by my spell, Thrice troubled by my burning. Come to me without delay. She read the words aloud slowly, three times. Then she sat back on her heels. The fire went on burning smokily. The candle flames danced. â€Å"And now what?† Matt said. â€Å"I don’t know. It just says wait for the middle candle to burn down to the pin.† â€Å"And what then?† â€Å"I guess we’ll find out when it happens.† In Florence, it was dawn. Stefan watched the girl move down the stairway, one hand resting lightly on the banister to keep her balance. Her movements were slow and slightly dreamlike, as if she were floating. Suddenly, she swayed and clutched at the banister more tightly. Stefan moved quickly behind her and put a hand under her elbow. â€Å"Are you all right?† She looked up at him with the same dreaminess. She was very pretty. Her expensive clothes were the latest fashion and her stylishly disarrayed hair was blond. A tourist. He knew she was American before she spoke. â€Å"Yes†¦ I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her brown eyes were unfocused. â€Å"Do you have a way to get home? Where are you staying?† â€Å"On Via dei Conti, near the Medici chapel. I’m with the Gonzaga in Florence program.† Damn! Not a tourist, then; a student. And that meant she’d be carrying this story back with her, telling her classmates about the handsome Italian guy she’d met last night. The one with night-dark eyes. The one who took her back to his exclusive place on Via Tornabuoni and wined her and dined her and then, in the moonlight, maybe, in his room or out in the enclosed courtyard, leaned close to look into her eyes and†¦ Stefan’s gaze slid away from the girl’s throat with its two reddened puncture wounds. He’d seen marks like that so often-how could they still have the power to disturb him? But they did; they sickened him and set a slow burning in his gut. â€Å"What’s your name?† â€Å"Rachael. With an a.† She spelled it. â€Å"All right, Rachael. Look at me. You will go back to your pensione and you won’t remember anything about last night. You don’t know where you went or who you saw. And you’ve never seen me before, either. Repeat.† â€Å"Good. Do you have money to get back? Here.† Stefan pulled a fistful of crumpled lire-mostly 50,000 and 100,000 notes-out of his pocket and led her outside. When she was safely in a cab, he went back inside and made straight for Damon’s bedroom. Damon was lounging near the window, peeling an orange, not even dressed yet. He looked up, annoyed, as Stefan entered. â€Å"It’s customary to knock,† he said. â€Å"Where’d you meet her?† said Stefan. And then, when Damon turned a blank stare on him, he added, â€Å"That girl. Rachael.† â€Å"Was that her name? I don’t think I bothered to ask. At Bar Gilli. Or perhaps it was Bar Mario. Why?† Stefan struggled to contain his anger. â€Å"That’s not the only thing you didn’t bother to do. You didn’t bother to influence her to forget you, either. Do you want to get caught, Damon?† Damon’s lips curved in a smile and he twisted off a curlicue of orange peel. â€Å"I am never caught, little brother,† he said. â€Å"So what are you going to do when they come after you? When somebody realizes, ‘My God, there’s a bloodsucking monster on Via Tornabuoni’? Kill them all? Wait until they break down the front door and then melt away into darkness?† Damon met his gaze directly, challengingly, that faint smile still clinging about his lips. â€Å"Why not?† he said. â€Å"Damn you!† said Stefan. â€Å"Listen to me, Damon. This has got to stop.† â€Å"I’m touched at your concern for my safety.† â€Å"It isn’t fair, Damon. To take an unwilling girl like that-â€Å" â€Å"Oh, she was willing, brother. She was very, very willing.† â€Å"Did you tell her what you were going to do? Did you warn her about the consequences of exchanging blood with a vampire? The nightmares, the psychic visions? Was she willing for that?† Damon clearly wasn’t going to reply, so he went on. â€Å"You know it’s wrong.† â€Å"As a matter of fact, I do.† With that, Damon gave one of his sudden, unnerving smiles, turning it on and off instantly. Damon tossed away the orange. His tone was silky, persuasive. â€Å"Little brother, the world is full of what you call ‘wrong,’ † he said. â€Å"Why not relax and join the winning side? It’s much more fun, I assure you.† Stefan felt himself go hot with anger. â€Å"How can you even say that?† he flashed back. â€Å"Didn’t you learn anything from Katherine? She chose ‘the winning side.’ â€Å" â€Å"Katherine died too quickly,† said Damon. He was smiling again, but his eyes were cold. â€Å"And now all you can think about is revenge.† Looking at his brother, Stefan felt a crushing weight settle on his own chest. â€Å"That and your own pleasure,† he said. â€Å"What else is there? Pleasure is the only reality, little brother-pleasure and power. And you’re a hunter by nature, just as much as I am,† Damon said. He added, â€Å"I don’t remember inviting you to come to Florence with me, anyway. Since you’re not enjoying yourself, why don’t you just leave?† The weight in Stefan’s chest tightened suddenly, unbearably, but his gaze, locked with Damon’s, did not waver. â€Å"You know why,† he said quietly. And at last he had the satisfaction of seeing Damon’s eyes drop. Stefan himself could hear Elena’s words in his mind. She’d been dying then, and her voice had been weak, but he’d heard her clearly. You have to take care of each other. Stefan, will you promise? Promise to take care of each other? And he had promised, and he would keep his word. No matter what. â€Å"You know why I don’t leave,† he said again to Damon, who wouldn’t look at him. â€Å"You can pretend you don’t care. You can fool the whole world. But I know differently.† It would have been kindest at this point to leave Damon alone, but Stefan wasn’t in a kind mood. â€Å"You know that girl you picked up, Rachael?† he added. â€Å"The hair was all right, but her eyes were the wrong color. Elena’s eyes were blue.† With that he turned, meaning to leave Damon here to think it over-if Damon would do anything so constructive, of course. But he never made it to the door. â€Å"It’s there!† said Meredith sharply, her eyes on the candle flame and the pin. Bonnie sucked in her breath. Something was opening in front of her like a silver thread, a silver tunnel of communication. She was rushing along it, with no way to stop herself or check her speed. Oh, God, she thought, when I reach the end and hit – The flash in Stefan’s head was soundless, lightless, and powerful as a thunderclap. At the same time he felt a violent, wrenching tug. An urge to follow- something. This was not like Katherine’s sly subliminal nudging to go somewhere; this was a psychic shout. A command that could not be disobeyed. Inside the flash he sensed a presence, but he could scarcely believe who it was. this was a psychic shout. A command that could not be disobeyed. Inside the flash he sensed a presence, but he could scarcely believe who it was. Stefan! It’s you! It worked! Bonnie, what have you done? Elena told me to. Honestly, Stefan, she did. We’re in trouble and we need- And that was it. The communication collapsed, caving in on itself, dwindling to a pinpoint. It was gone, and in its aftermath the room vibrated with Power. Stefan and his brother were left staring at each other. Bonnie let out a long breath she hadn’t realized she’d been holding and opened her eyes, though she didn’t remember closing them. She was lying on her back. Matt and Meredith were crouched over her, looking alarmed. â€Å"What happened? Did it work?† Meredith demanded. â€Å"It worked.† She let them help her up. â€Å"I made contact with Stefan. I talked to him. Now all we can do is wait and see if he’s coming or not.† â€Å"Did you mention Elena?† Matt asked. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Then he’s coming.† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Four, Essay examples

Organizational Structure for Business Environment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Structurefor Todays Business Environment. Answer: Introduction An organic organization structure is one in which the structure is highly flexible, with individuals having little job specification. There are fewer layers of management than other organizations, as well as a highly decentralized mode of decision making. The level of direct supervision is low. For these reasons, the organization is well adapted to respond to environmental changes, both within and beyond the organization. For this reason, I agree that in the rapidly changing business environment, it is only an organic organizational structure which can be effective in enabling an organization respond adequately to threats and opportunities that such changes may portend. Impact of organizational structure on organizations Steiger, J., Hammou, K., Galib, M., 2014. An Examination of the Influence of Organizational Structure Types and Management Levels on Knowledge Management Practices in Organizations. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(6), 43-57. Organizations are greatly affected by the strategic decisions they make. Chief among these is the type of organizational structure that they choose. It determines efficiency, market development and other important elements of success. Organizational structure also determines the type of culture which will take hold in the organization. If the organization promotes open communication and a low power distance between different levels of management, it will be reflected in an organic organizational structure. Knowledge sharing is also dependent on organizational structure, whereby information is more easily shared across an organization with an organic structure. Rishipal, D., 2014. Analytical Comparison of Flat and Vertical Organizational Structures. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(36), 56-66. Every organization has to choose the organizational structure which will most appropriately serve its business needs. The decision is based on various factors, including nature of business and the environment the organization finds itself in. Invariably however, every sector of the economy is faced by rapidly changing trends, brought about by the increased interconnectivity of the global economy, ease of access to resources and government regulations. All these factors mean that only organizations with a structure more responsive to environmental changes, the less bureaucratic the structure is, the more responsive it will be to change, and the more successful the organization is likely to be. Therefore, whereas the nature of business is an important factor in determining the structure to go for, response to change should be the guiding factor. Individual adaptation Kanten, P., Kanten, S., Gurlek, M., 2014. The Effects of Organizational Structures and Learning Organization on Job Embeddedness and Individual Adaptive Performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(2015), 1358-1366. The rapid change illustrated before also affects the way employees work. As people change jobs, and the nature of their present jobs changes, they need more support than ever form their employers to be better performers. This means that the organization must have structures in place that enable employees to be mentored, trained, and at all times be accorded the help they need to cope. This also calls for a greater level of knowledge sharing as indicated by Steiger, Hammou and Galib (2014). Or these things to be possible, it is important that the organization have a more organic structure, in which employees are at all times ready to take on different roles, and can find help as they need. Stokes, A., 2005. A study in the relationships between organizational structures and public relations practitioner roles. Scholar Commons, University of South Florida, 1-65. The roles that individuals have in organizations also determine the type of structure, and vice versa. In organizations where job roles are clearly defined, the organization may find an inorganic structure more useful. It is however no longer important for an organization to function in such isolation, in light of rapid changes as indicated elsewhere in the paper. In this respect, a more organic structure ill in the long run ensure employees are placed in organizations according to their strengths, and changes do not always new employees, since the existing ones will be well ready to deal with the changes. Tran, Q., Tian, Y., 2013. Organizational Structure: Influencing Factors and Impact on a Firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(2), 8 pages. As organizations look to innovate more so that they can create a sustainable competitive advantage, they need to create an enabling environment, in which information flow freely, and in which individuals are free to interact freely, regardless of rank. In connection with this, the organic structure is the best organizational setup. Conclusion An organic organizational structure is the most effective form of management in a rapidly changing environment. It will give an organization a greater ability to adapt to change, and to always be versatile in the market, hence the opinion that it is better suited to todays business environment.

Juvenile Psychopaths Essays - Criminology, Crime,

Juvenile Psychopaths What is the super predator? He or she are young hypercriminals who are committing acts of violence of unprecedentedcoldness and brutality. This newest phenomena in the world of crime is perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing society and law enforcement ever. While psychopaths are not new, this breed of super criminal exceeds the scope of psychopathic behavior. They are younger, more brutal, and completely unafraid of the law. While current research on the super predator is scarce, I will attempt to give an indication as to the reasons a child could become just such a monster. Violent teenage criminals are increasingly vicious. John DiIulio, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University, says that The difference between the juvenile criminals of the 1950s and those of the 1970s and early 1980s was the difference between the Sharks and the Jets of West Side Story and the Bloods and the Crips. It is not inconceivable that the demographic surge of the next ten yea rs will bring with it young criminals who make the Bloods and the Crips look tame. (10) They are what Professor DiIulio and others call urban super predators; young people, often from broken homes or so-called dysfunctional families, who commit murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and other violent acts. These emotionally damagedyoung people, often are the products of sexual or physical abuse. They live in an aimless and violent present; have no sense of the past and no hope for the future; they commit unspeakably brutal crimes against other people, often to gratify whatever urges or desires drive them at the moment and their utter lack of remorse is shocking.(9) Studies reveal that the major cause of violent crime is not poverty but family breakdown - specifically, the absence of a father in the household. Today, right now, one-fourth of all the children in the United States are living in fatherless homes - this adds up to 19 million children without fathers. Compared to children in two parent family homes, these children will be twice as likely to drop out of school, twice as likely to have children out of wedlock, and they stand more than three times the chance of ending up in poverty, and almost ten times more likely to commit violent crime and ending up in jail. (1) The Heritage Foundation - a Conservative think tank - reported that the rise in violent crime over the past 30 years runs directlyparallel to the rise in fatherless families. In every state in our country, according to the Heritage foundation, the rate for juvenilecrime is closely linked to the percentage of children raised in single-parent families. And while it has long been thought that poverty is the primary cause of crime, the facts simply do not support this view. Teenage criminal behavior has its roots in habitual deprivation of parental love and affection going back to early infancy, according to the Heritage Foundation. A father's attention to his son has enormous positive effects on a boy's emotional and social development. But a boy abandoned by his father in deprived of a deep sense of personal security, In a well-functioning family, he continued, the very presence of the father embodies authority and this paternal authority is critical to the prevention of psychopathology and delinquency. (2) On top of the problem of single parent homes, is the problem of the children whose behavioral problems are linked to their mothers' crack use during pregnancy. These children are reaching their teenage years and this is a potentially very aggressive population, according to Sheldon Greenberg, director of Johns Hopkins University's Police Executive Leadership Program. What's more, drug use has more than doubled among 12- to 17-year-olds since 1991. The overwhelming common factor that can be isolated in determining whether young people will be criminal in their behavior is moral poverty, Greenberg says. (3) According to the recently published Body Count: Moral Poverty . . . and How to Win America' s War Against Crime and Drugs, a new generation of super-predators, untouched by any moral inclinations, will hit America's streets in the next decade. John DiIulio, the Brookings Institute fellow who co-wrote the book with William Bennett and John Walters, calls it

An Argument Against the War in Iraq essays

An Argument Against the War in Iraq essays The recent war with Iraq has been on the minds of people all across the world since well before it started. Many are worried that the United States will be seen as being too controlling, and that it should let the Iraqi people work out their own problems. Others, who are concerned about the threat of terrorist activity in this country and others, stick with the belief that the United States was right in their attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Regardless of which opinion one holds, there are theorists, both classical and modern, who have strong views on war. This is largely due to conflict theory, which is that life is largely characterized more by conflict that it is by consensus. Those who uphold this theory have different ways of looking at it, and the purpose of this paper is to look at classical theorists such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, as well as modern theorists such as Ralph Dahrendorf, and Lewis Coser. The different views they have of conflict theory will th en be applied to the war in Iraq, to help show what they believe about conflict and why it is important. I will, however, refute many of their arguments because I am strongly against the war in Iraq and the pain and suffering that it is causing so many people. Once an understanding of conflict theory is established based on how these particular theorists choose to view it, a comparison and contrast of the beliefs that they hold will be discussed as well. This is important in understanding not only conflict theory, but how it applies to real-life situations such as war. Conflict theory can be used in other situations, but war is one of the most obvious and violent ways that countries deal with conflict, and is therefore a good way to discuss the different theories that are related to conflicts between individuals. Classical theorists include Karl Marx and Max Weber. Karl Marx is basically the father of conflict theory, and many of the conflict and ot...

Definition and Examples of Corpus Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Corpus Linguistics Corpus linguistics is the study of language based on large collections of real life language use stored in corpora (or corpuses)computerized databases created for linguistic research. Also known as corpus-based studies. Corpus linguistics is viewed by some linguists as a research tool or methodology, and by others as a discipline or theory in its own right.  Kuebler and Zinsmeister conclude that the answer to the question whether corpus linguistics is a theory or a tool is simply that it can be both. It depends on how corpus linguistics is applied (Corpus Linguistics and Linguistically Annotated Corpora, 2015). Although the methods used in corpus linguistics were first adopted in the early 1960s, the term corpus linguistics didnt appear until the 1980s. Examples and Observations [C]orpus linguistics is . . . a methodology,  comprising a large number of related methods which can be used by scholars of many different theoretical leanings. On the other hand, it cannot be denied that corpus linguistics is also frequently associated with a certain outlook on language. At the centre of this outlook is that the rules of language are usage-based and that changes occur when speakers use language to communicate with each other. The argument is that if you are interested in the workings of a particular language, like English, it is a good idea to study language in use. One efficient way of doing this is to use corpus methodology . . .. (Hans Lindquist, Corpus Linguistics and the Description of English. Edinburgh University Press, 2009)Corpus studies boomed from 1980 onwards, as corpora, techniques and new arguments in favour of the use of corpora became more apparent. Currently this boom continuesand both of the schools of corpus linguistics are growing . . .. Corpus linguistics is maturing methodologically and the range of languages addressed by corpus linguists is growing annually. (Tony McEnery and Andrew Wilson, Corpus Linguistics, Edinburgh University Press, 2001) Corpus Linguistics in the Classroom In the context of the classroom the methodology of corpus linguistics is congenial for students of all levels because it is a bottoms-up study of the language requiring very little learned expertise to start with. Even the students that come to linguistic enquiry without a theoretical apparatus learn very quickly to advance their hypotheses on the basis of their observations rather than received knowledge, and test them against the evidence provided by the corpus. (Elena Tognini-Bonelli,  Corpus Linguistics at Work. John Benjamins, 2001)To make good use of corpus resources a teacher needs a modest orientation to the routines involved in retrieving information from the corpus, andmost importantlytraining and experience in how to evaluate that information. (John McHardy Sinclair, How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, John Benjamins, 2004) Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses Quantitative techniques are essential for corpus-based studies. For example, if you wanted to compare the language use of patterns for the words big and large, you would need to know how many times each word occurs in the corpus, how many different words co-occur with each of these adjectives (the collocations), and how common each of those collocations is. These are all quantitative measurements. . . .A crucial part of the corpus-based approach is going beyond the quantitative patterns to propose functional interpretations explaining why the patterns exist. As a result, a large amount of effort in corpus-based studies is devoted to explaining and exemplifying quantitative patterns. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Randi Reppen, Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use, Cambridge University Press, 2004)[I]n corpus linguistics quantitative and qualitative methods are extensively used in combination. It is also characteristic of corpus linguistics to begin with qua ntitative findings, and work toward qualitative ones. But . . . the procedure may have cyclic elements. Generally it is desirable to subject quantitative results to qualitative scrutinyattempting to explain why a particular frequency pattern occurs, for example. But on the other hand, qualitative analysis (making use of the investigators ability to interpret samples of language in context) may be the means for classifying examples in a particular corpus by their meanings; and this qualitative analysis may then be the input to a further quantitative analysis, one based on meaning . . .. (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2012)

Managing of Human Resource at Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing of Human Resource at Starbucks - Essay Example In 1999, Schultz stepped down as CEO in favor of Smith and had given him the authority. Gareth (1998, p. 38) states: Particular attention was focused on the idea of making employees feel more useful and important by giving them meaningful jobs and giving as much autonomy, responsibility and recognition as possible as a means of getting them involved in their work. The duty of any good and successful leader or manager is to create a work environment that is effective to growth. The leaders who are ready to work in teams with an appropriate level of command and authority of making decisions are considered to be successful in motivating and raising the need amongst the employees to achieve the goals. The statement that is being provided by the company's CEO clearly showed that he has faith in himself and is confident that he would lead the company to a much higher level with a teamwork and authority because the managers or supervisors need to be authoritative in their decisions in order to lead a team. Kroom (1995, p. 355) suggests that, 'authority can be considered the managers right to act.' Leadership approach at Starbucks seemed to be of democratic style. ... Theories of Leadership at Starbuck Leadership approach at Starbucks seemed to be of democratic style. The leaders or supervisors of the company provides their subordinates with the prospect to work under their leadership and make them make the most of their potential fully by letting them play a part in the decision making process and planning phase. They believe that the most successful innovation came out from their employees and by giving them the authority to bring about their job make the employees feel esteemed and honored. McGregor proposed a theory which became a base for leadership. According to him the manager or supervisor categorize their employees in two distinct groups of human behavior, namely Theory X and Theory Y. Kroom (1995, p. 357) write that, 'the way in which manager or supervisor leads his subordinates is determined to a large degree, by his assumptions about human behavior.' Theory X is considered to have those people who are not ready to do any work, very lethargic and lazy and are controlled by their supervisors. On the other hand, in Theory Y, the human behavior of the people is positive towards the work and is very keen and enthusiastic in fulfilling the job. 'Theory Y which is a positive view, people are willing to work, will enforce self-control if they have committed themselves to objectives and will accept responsibilities.' (Kroom 1995, p. 357). The leadership style that is being used at Starbucks by the manager or supervisor is democratic management style. They gave empowerment to their employees and encouraged innovativeness. The employees mostly lie under Theory Y and have positive attitude towards their objectives. It is to believe at Starbucks that by implementing ideas by the employees gave them a sense of contribution and was